Cognition and learning needs usually cover most of the curriculum including:
- reading, writing and spelling
- numbers
- comprehension
- processing difficulties such as sequencing, inference, coherence and elaboration
- working memory
- short term verbal memory
- other types of executive function difficulties.
The cognitive abilities model and the profile can be useful as a quick reference.
Attention, organisation and memory
Closely linked, the ability to use attention, organisation and memory as children develop is a key function of effective learning. At different stages in a child’s development, we can expect the following:
- 3-4 years – Focusing attention. The child is beginning to control his own focus of attention but can still only concentrate on one thing at a time.
- 4-5 years – Two channelled attention. The child can now do a task and understand an instruction at the same time. His concentration span may still be short but he can be taught in a group.
- 5-6 years – Integrated attention.
Training is available for those working with and assessing children who might need future support in this area.
- Working memory and cognitive load [link to follow]
Literacy difficulties
A literacy assessment pack can support with assessments. Additional resources are available for specific support.
- Accessing books electronically
- How to use dictation in Word
- Keyboard familiarity activity ideas
- Using assistive technology to support with reading, writing and organisation (Chromebooks and Windows)
- Assistive technology tips to support with reading
Maths difficulties
Resources are available for specific support.
Moderate and severe learning difficulties
Children may find it difficult to mix with their peer group and follow the curriculum without help and support. Good practice establishes what is currently in place and working and what needs to be a priority for development.
- Good practice checklist – complex needs
- Learning profile – Down Syndrome
- Good practice checklist – Down Syndrome
- Referral process for children with complex needs, including pupils with Down Syndrome
- Referral form for children with complex needs, including pupils with Down Syndrome
Engagement and independence
- Information to follow